Does Baptism Make A Boy into a Man?

Periodically, the question arises, “Does baptism make a boy into a man?” By this, additional questions are implied that have some ramifications: “May a woman continue to teach a Bible class in which a boy has been baptized?” “When a boy is baptized, does it necessitate his use in any area of service where adult male members may serve (e.g., serving communion, leading prayer, leading singing, preaching, making decisions for the church in business meetings)?” What can be gleaned from the Scriptures? Passages that identify “men and women” as those who become baptized believers (Acts 5:14; 8:12) do not fully answer the question. However, we can glean from such verses that: (1) both sexes of humanity are equally afforded redemption in Christ (Galatians 3:27-28), and (2) that these individuals must be mature enough to repent and believe prior to baptism (Acts 2:38; Mark 16:16). In the Old Testament under Judaism, one became a child of God or was placed into a covenant relationship with God at birth. However, one was not considered a man until he attained the age of 20 (i.e., old enough to go to war, Numbers 1:20). Further, priests could only be appointed and serve between the years of 25 and 50 (Numbers 8:24-25). Principles that we can glean from these references are that: (1) Simply being a child of God does not necessarily qualify one to be used in any and all aspects of service. (2) A degree of maturity is required to be of special service …

Women Preachers and “Thus Saith the Law”

Dear Mr. Rushmore, “Let your women keep silence in the churches: for it is not permitted unto them to speak; but they are commanded to be under obedience, as also saith the law. And if they will learn any thing, let them ask their husbands at home: for it is a shame for women to speak in the church” (1 Corinthians 14:34-35). Could you please clarify something for me concerning this scripture which is widely supported to supress women from preaching at the pulpit. My question is upon the wording in the first sentence, specifically “as also saith the law.” I have the understanding that when Paul wrote this letter to the Corinthians there were terrible troubles within the church. Specifically because the women were becoming Christians and they thought that their new found freedom in Christ would break the Corinithian Laws and they could speak out or question their husbands publicaly. In the time that Paul wrote this letter it was against Corinithian law for women to publicaly question their husbands. If I am incorrect and this is one of God’s laws that women keep silent–where is the scriptural reference to that? I assert that it was not God’s law for the women to keep quiet during services but it was Paul urging to the women to follow Corinith law. Did God set the Corinithian Laws and if he did where is that stated in the bible? Furthermore if women are not to be ‘involved’ like that in the …

The Priceless Woman

I stood over my 6:15 coffee, bleary-eyed and barely awake, mulling the day’s schedule over in my mind and hoping I hadn’t forgotten anything important. Nonchalantly, I reached for the creamer, and remembered from the day before that it was empty. Mechanically, my reaching and grasping motion continued on autopilot and, lo and behold, someone had refilled the creamer dispenser. No doubt my beautiful wife, who takes care of all the “little” things in our home, had taken the time to complete but one more of the many thankless tasks necessary to keep our family going. It is like that all too often, and to my shame, I fail to say “thank you” nearly enough. “Who can find a virtuous woman? for her price is far above rubies” (Proverbs 31:10). The subjective, submissive role of women in the home and in the church has never lent itself to public accolades or front-page recognition. It is unfortunate that we forget the many references Paul makes to our equality of value in Christ where “there is neither male nor female: for ye are all one in Christ Jesus” (Galatians 3:28). “Nay, much more those members of the body, which seem to be more feeble, are necessary: And those members of the body, which we think to be less honourable, upon these we bestow more abundant honour; and our uncomely parts have more abundant comeliness” (1 Corinthians 12:22-23). The very nature of a woman’s glory is in her quiet spirit, so that their …

Science and Faith

“This scientific age” is an expression that is used frequently to emphasize the accomplishments of science. Indeed, many blessings have come to people through science. But, the world would be better off if its people had put as much emphasis on the saving faith we read about in the Bible as it has put on science. How wonderful it would be if we could freely and truthfully refer to our times as “this faith age”! What Is Science? The word science is from a Latin word that means knowledge or what is known — what is factual. People have become so accustomed to science and the blessings of science, that many fail to recognize the limitations of science. Also, some seem to think everything a scientist says is scientific or factual just because a scientist says it. A scientist may express an opinion knowing that what he says is actually not a proven fact, but merely his view — merely speculation. Opinions and speculations can be called scientism but not science. Unfortunately, many things are called science merely because scientists have expressed opinions regarding such. Likewise, many things are referred to as theology which are mere speculation. True theology is that which is taught in the Bible about God and all that is related to him and his work. Much that is called theology is not in the Bible and is false theology. Paul warned Timothy not to be misled by “science falsely so called” (1 Timothy 6:20). In the Greek text, Paul used pseudonumou gnoseos which literally means “the falsely named knowledge.” …

Archaeology and the Bible

I believe in the spade. It has fed the tribes of mankind. It has furnished them water, coal, iron, and gold. And now it is giving them truth — historic truth, the mines of which have never been opened til our time. (Blaiklock, p. ix.) This view of archaeology was given by Oliver Wendell Holmes. The subject of archaeology is a relatively new field of study. This term has been defined by Blaiklock as “that branch of historical research which draws its evidence from surviving material traces and remains of past human activity” (p. v.). More specifically, Bible archaeology studies things as they relate to the Scriptures and the times in which the Bible was written. (Vos, p. 9.) In a broad sense, Bible archaeology has only been around for one hundred fifty years (Unger, New, p. 18). Clyde Woods said that “Although archeology [sic] was more or less a treasure hunt when it began, it may now be classified as a science because of its strict methods.” (Woods, p. 4.) In the last fifty years, archaeology has continually brought forth new contributions to the study of ancient times and has gradually grown in significance. (Unger, New, p. 18.) The purpose of this article is to show, through archaeology, that the Bible is historically accurate. Proof of the Bible’s accurateness will lend credence to the claim that the Bible is the inspired Word of God. To establish the claim of historical accuracy, the fall of Jericho (from the Old Testament) and the …

Divine Worship

Just how important is our worship to God? Must we worship God, and does it really matter how we worship God as long as we are sincere? The Scriptures provide the answers for these questions (2 Timothy 3:16-17). Yes, we have an obligation to worship God. “Not forsaking the assembling of ourselves together, as the manner of some is; but exhorting one another: and so much the more, as ye see the day approaching” (Hebrews 10:25). “God is a Spirit: and they that worship him must worship him in spirit and in truth” (John 4:24). Further, our worship must be from the heart as well as in truth, that is, according to his Word (John 17:17). God did not leave Adam and Eve, Cain and Abel, Abraham or David without worship instructions. Likewise, neither has God failed to provide worship instructions for the Lord’s church. Not all worship is acceptable to God. Cain’s worship may have been sincere, but it was not by faith; his worship was not the result of hearing and doing God’s will (Hebrews 11:4; Romans 10:17). Jesus rebuked the scribes and the Pharisees for their vain and useless worship. “This people draweth nigh unto me with their mouth, and honoureth me with their lips; but their heart is far from me. But in vain they do worship me, teaching for doctrines the commandments of men” (Matthew 15:8-9). Worship today also becomes vain and useless when human worship practices are substituted for divine worship. We live under the New …

Demon Possession

How does one respond to the charge that the New Testament endorses superstition by its references to demon possession? Demon possession was a real, historical phenomenon of the first century. Spirit entities, known as demons [KJV “devils”] did inhabit and afflict human bodies during that age. Scripture dos not spell out the question of demon origin, though Bible scholars have proposed several theories. Some may be readily dismissed, including the theory that demons were the disembodied spirits of a pre-Adamic race of men who lived in an alleged “gap period” between Genesis 1:1 and 1:2. No evidence of any such gap exists and Adam is called the “first man” (1 Corinthians 15:45). Others speculate that demons resulted from the cohabitation of angels with antediluvian women (based upon a misunderstanding of Genesis 6:1-4), but Christ taught that angels are sexless beings, incapable of such unions (cf. Matthew 22:30). Two more plausible views surmise that: (a) demons were the spirits of wicked dead men whom God permitted to leave the Hadean realm to indwell some people;1 or, (b) demons were fallen angels who were allowed to escape their confinement (Jude 6) for a similar purpose.2 Regardless of origin, the New Testament recognizes the fact of first-century demoniacs. As to the nature, demons were spirits (Matthew 8:16) — not physical (Luke 24:39). As to character, they were spiritually unclean, evil and under Satan’s immediate control (Matthew 12:24, 43, 45). Demons were intelligent (Mark 1:24) and could exercise both volition and locomotion whenever permitted (Matthew 12:44-45). Demon possession frequently …

Moral Absolutes

Modern relativistic thinking suggests that we have no rule or standard by which we can distinguish between good and evil, right and wrong, moral and immoral. Hilary Putnam — a Harvard University professor — sums it up when he declares that moral/ethical judgments are “something that we ultimately judge by the ‘seat of the pants’” (Alan Crippen II, ed., “The Train Wreck of Truth and Knowledge,” Reclaiming the Culture, 59). “We must come to see that there is no possibility of a ‘foundation’ for ethics…” (Ibid.) he asserts. Is the professor correct? Are morals and ethics based upon our own subjective opinions? Are there no moral absolutes? Consider for a moment the repercussions of Mr. Putnam’s philosophical extreme. [Author’s note: the following excerpts are very explicit]. The pro-life groups are right about one thing: the location of the baby inside or outside the womb cannot make such a crucial moral difference. We cannot coherently hold that it is all right to kill a fetus a week before birth, but as soon as the baby is born everything must be done to keep it alive. The solution, however, is not to accept the pro-life view that the fetus is a human being with the same moral status as yours or mine. The solution is the very opposite: to abandon the idea that all human life is of equal worth” (Watkins, “Death What A Beautiful Choice,” The New Absolutes, 85). A principal at an elementary school in New Hampshire invited a homosexual men’s chorus …

God-Pleasing Mothers

Parenting is the most important job in which we will ever be involved. The future of our children, the church and the nation depend on how we raise our precious offspring. J. Edgar Hoover stated, There is no synthetic replacement for a decent home life. Our high crime rate, particularly among juveniles, is directly traceable to a breakdown in moral fiber — to the disintegration of home and family life. Religion and home life are supplementary. Each strengthens the other. It is seldom that a solid and wholesome home life can be found in the absence of religious inspiration. It has been said that “between the child and God stands the parent — a separating wall or a connecting link.” It is a must that we realize that it is extremely difficult, if not impossible, to train up a child in a way we ourselves are not willing to go. In this study, we will be focusing on mothers. As I see it, a mother’s responsibility falls into three basic categories: training, discipline and example. A mother must be involved in the training of her children. Solomon taught, “Train up a child in the way he should go, and even when he is old he will not depart from it” (Proverbs 22:6, ASV). To “train” a child is to communicate “the way” to them — “the way he should go.” A mother needs to give her children what can be handled and what is needed to direct them. In training children in …

Beverage Alcohol

Biblical Considerations Many conservative religious people have always regarded alcohol as sinful. Some churches oppose the selling of alcoholic beverages close to their buildings or distribute literature opposing the pleasurable consumption of alcoholic beverages at all. Many Christians oppose alcohol on biblical grounds. Old Testament The pleasurable consumption of alcohol is condemned in the Old Testament. Priests were forbidden to consume alcohol under penalty of death (Leviticus 10:8-11). “And the Lord spake unto Aaron, saying, Do not drink wine nor strong drink, thou, nor thy sons with thee, when ye go into the tabernacle of the congregation, lest ye die: it shall be a statute for ever throughout your generations: And that ye may put difference between holy and unholy, and between unclean and clean; And that ye may teach the children of Israel all the statutes which the Lord hath spoken unto them by the hand of Moses.” Civil leaders were also forbidden to drink alcohol lest they pervert judgment (Proverbs 31:4-5). Faithful Jews were not allowed even to look upon wine in its intoxicating state (Proverbs 23:31). Alcohol was reserved for medicinal purposes (Proverbs 31:6). Furthermore, drunkenness was punishable by death (Deuteronomy 21:20-21). Too, Scripture warns against alcohol because it contributes to poverty (Proverbs 23:21). Drinking alcohol demonstrates lack of wisdom as well (Proverbs 20:1). Faithful Jews were further forbidden to be in the company of those drinking alcohol (Proverbs 23:20). Alcohol leads to other immorality and is hazardous to health and safety (Proverbs 23:29-35). It causes God’s servants to err (Genesis 9:21-22). …

Grieving the Holy Spirit

In Ephesians 4:30, we read the following words: “And do not grieve the Holy Spirit of God, by whom you were sealed for the day of redemption.” There are many interesting things to study in this simple verse of Scripture. For example, it would be very nice to understand the “sealed” in this passage. Perhaps we will enter into a study of that word at some later time. It would also be beneficial for us to study what is meant by “the day of redemption,” and perhaps we will study that phrase in the not too distant future. But for today we wish to ask the question, what does it mean to “grieve” the Holy Spirit of God? Whatever it means, it must refer to something that is quite serious! The word that is translated “grieve” in this passage comes from the Greek “lupeite,” from “lupeo,” which means to cause distress, heaviness, or grief; to be made to have “sorrow.” The concept of the word is the very same that we experience at the passing of a loved one, or something of such a grave nature. Think about the fact that it is within the capacity of a mere human being to bring grief to the Godhead by the things that we do, or fail to do, or by the things that we believe or fail to believe! It seems to me a thing almost unbelievable that mere human beings have the capacity to grieve the Godhead, and yet we …

Fasting

Occasionally, we receive some questions about the matter of fasting as it is set forth in the New Testament. We have been asked if Christians must fast in order to be acceptable in the sight of God, and if we are to fast, how do we know when to do so? Answering these questions will allow us to make some general observations regarding the matter of fasting. The first observation is that this was a thing that was done by the Old Testament Jew. And though God, in the law of Moses required only one day of fasting per year, according to Leviticus 16:29-31, the Jews added several other periods of fasting to this one required by God’s law. (See: 2 Chronicles 20:30; 1 Samuel 31:13; 2 Samuel 12:16; 1 Kings 21:9 & 27; and Esther 4:16.) God did not seem to mind that the Jews engaged in fasting more often than he had required under the law, so even under the law, with the exception of the Day of Atonement, fasting was a voluntary exercise and was not a requirement of God. By the time that Jesus began his ministry upon the earth, fasting was quite common among the Jews and especially among a sect called the Pharisees. Some of the Pharisees fasted as often as twice a week, but they did so more for the purpose of showing themselves off to men than they did for dedicating themselves wholly to God for the period of the fast. Jesus …

Shall We Applaud in Worship?

There is considerable interest in the question, “Is clapping in worship Scriptural?” I heard a brother recently who preached a sermon against the practice, and was approached by the elders who told him that they would not be having him to preach for them anymore. Change agents in the church are introducing two forms of hand clapping into some worship assemblies: as a display of approval and as a rhythmical accompaniment to singing. Why is there such interest in this innovative involvement in the worship services of the Lord’s church? The answer lies largely in the fact that many brethren are not well grounded in the Scriptures. Another factor involves the “baby boomer” generation relentlessly pushing for innovative changes in worship reflective of the growing trend of performance worship that seems to be taking hold in some quarters. These two factors combined, account for the ignorance manifested when brethren give Old Testament references in defense of a question dealing with New Testament worship. Defenders will allude to Psalms 47:1-2; 98:8 and other Old Testament references as authority for the practice. If the Book of Psalms authorizes clapping in New Testament worship, then by the same hermeneutical principle we have authority for shouting, dancing, animal sacrifice and instrumental music in worship. In fact, hand clapping amounts to percussion. By definition “clapping” means, “to strike (as two flat hard surfaces) together so as to produce a sharp percussive noise.” This is the primary definition of “clap” according to Webster’s Ninth New Collegiate Dictionary. …

More Adventures in Arkansas

Nearing graduation from Memphis School of Preaching, one of the congregations to which I went to “try-out” was in the foothills of the Ozark Mountains. The town consisted of a collection of homes at a certain point along a primary, two-lane East-West highway. I was convinced that the first man I met inside the little church house was a vagrant. Later to my surprise, I realized that the snaggle-toothed gentleman in the badly wrinkled jacket was the chief elder. After morning worship my family and I were greeted by the other elder. He informed us that it was his job to feed visiting preachers, however, that day he had company. The brother gave us a $10 bill and advised us that there was a restaurant just out of town to the West. The restaurant was really the front porch of a small frame dwelling. We entered and stood hovering over diners already seated, waiting for our turn. The room was so small and the tables so close together that we literally filled the space between the tables. Later that day, the two elders discussed the work with us. One of the most interesting, though not desirable, terms of employment concerned the relationship between the preacher’s vacation and Gospel meetings the little church would host. The successful candidate for the pulpit work there was required to take an unpaid vacation anytime the congregation had a Gospel meeting. Our first work after graduation was in the mountains of Virginia! Rebecca’s Spanking One day while I was …

The Prayer of Hannah

Text: 1 Samuel 2:10, “The adversaries of the Lord shall be broken in pieces; from heaven He will thunder against them. The Lord will judge the ends of the earth. He will give strength to His king, and exalt the horn of His anointed.” Introduction: “The Book of Joshua relates the thrilling story of the Israelite conquest of Canaan.  The book covers about twenty-seven years (1407 -1380 B.C.).  Though rich in spiritual lessons and typology, the Book of Joshua contains no personal Messianic prophecy.”1 From the Apostle Paul, in his discourse at Antioch in Pisidia, (Acts 13:14-41) we learn that God gave the children of Israel Judges for about four-hundred-and-fifty years, from the time of the death of Joshua until the coming of the prophet Samuel.  The dark days of the Judges are recorded in the book by that name, and in the first seven chapters of the Book of 1 Samuel. As Briggs says, “The period of the Judges was ill adapted for the development of the Messianic idea.  The conquest of the Holy Land and the settlement of the tribes in the midst of the conquered Canaanites whom they had failed to drive out, resulted in breaking up the national unity, in lowering the spiritual tone through the influence of the people of the land, and in the decay of the religious life of the nation.  It had been impossible to observe any of the Mosaic codes during the wanderings in the wilderness.  It was also impossible to realize …

No Vain Repetitions

At the time Christ lived, the Greeks believed in many gods. They thought that these gods were not interested in man. They believed their gods were too busy with their own interests and problems. Therefore, the Greeks would pray the same thing over and over and over. They thought the gods would get tired of hearing their prayers and would finally give them what they wanted just to get rid of them. The Hindus believe saying the name of a god is worship. And they believe saying the name takes away sin. So they will repeat saying the names of god over and over and over, thinking this will take away all of their sins. God said we are not to be like those who believe in such things (Matthew 6:7-8). When we pray we are not to use vain repetitions. The word ‘vain’ means empty or useless. For the Greeks, the repetitions were vain because they did not think that their gods were really interested in helping them. For the Hindus, the repetitions were vain because they thought that just saying a name would get rid of their sins. And for both of them, the repetitions were vain because they were not praying to the One True God. When we pray, we know that God cares about us. He knows what we need. He loves us and wants the best for us. And we know if we are living right according to his law, we can have forgiveness of …

Do Not Build On Sand

Many parts of the world have very large storms known as hurricanes or tsunamis. These storms begin out over the ocean and gather up a lot of water. They have very strong winds that can blow roofs off houses. When the storm comes over land, it rains very hard. The strong winds cause the ocean tide to be much higher than normal. So, the waves go much further onto land than normal. Because of the higher tides and the large amount of rain, there is a lot of flooding. The high waves beat on the houses that are built close to the beach. These waves also beat on the sandy beaches. The sand is washed away and sometimes a beach will be as much as ten feet lower than it used to be. Houses that are built on the sand will wash away. Today many homes that are built close to the beach are specially built so that they will not wash away. Deep holes are dug into the sand until hard rock is found. Then pillars are put on this rock to support the houses. If all of the sand is washed away, the house will stay where it is because it is supported by rock. God says that our lives can be like building a house on sand or on rock. If we learn what God wants us to do and then do it, he says it is like building our house on rock. But if we learn …

And God Created After His Kind

In verse 11 of the first chapter of Genesis, God after separating the dry land from the water, now set about to create the first living thing. The plants — herbs, trees and grass are created by God. With the plants God creates the first of his many successful living things, and in each case they are given a command that they have obeyed to this day. That command was for the “earth to bring forth abundantly . . . after his kind.” The truthfulness of this command in the world today is absolutely absolute. Every living thing obeys it; let’s look at the science behind God’s design. When God designed all things they were given a blueprint which carries the instructions for their makeup, from the structure of a single cell, to the tissues, organs and organ systems that make up the organism. This blueprint we now know is carried in a very unique and powerful chemical called DNA, deoxyribonucleic acid. All living things have the same chemical structure to their DNA, they simply have a different arrangement of the parts that make it up. This powerful chemical gives the instructions for the plants, from the mightiest oak tree to the smallest algae, and the instructions for the majestic whales down to the smallest worm and also for man. In order to give a concept for how powerful this chemical is, think about this. If all the instructions carried in a single human DNA cell were encoded and typed into …

The Day the Church Began

When the apostle Peter said, “this is that which was spoken by the prophet Joel” (Acts 2:16), followed by a quotation from that prophet (Acts 2:17-21), Peter was announcing the beginning of the church. Prophecies concerning the establishment of the kingdom or church and the salvation offered inside that spiritual institution began to be fulfilled on the Pentecost following the Ascension of Jesus Christ (Acts Chapter Two). The first recorded Gospel sermon is found in this chapter. In that sermon the apostle Peter referred to many prophecies about the Savior, all of which were fulfilled by Jesus Christ; thereby Peter proved that Jesus of Nazareth is the Christ, the Son of God. The miracles that were performed by Peter and the other apostles also confirmed this truth. Further, through Peter’s preaching, the audience learned that they were guilty of sins, including the murder of God’s Son on the cross. About 3,000 persons demonstrated belief in Jesus as the Christ and repentance by asking what they should do. Peter answered, “Repent, and be baptized every one of you in the name of Jesus Christ for the remission of sins” (Acts 2:38). They were obedient to Peter’s preaching and were baptized and the Lord added them to the church. “And the Lord added to the church daily those that were saved” (Acts 2:47). Before Acts Two, the church was still future; the church first appears in Acts Two. Before Acts Two, there was no available cure for sin; in Acts Two, at …

Christian Joy

Mankind often seeks joys, pleasures, gratification, happiness and even thrills. It is not wrong to enjoy life on earth. Pleasure becomes sinful, though, when the activity from which one derives joy is itself sinful (e.g., adultery, alcohol) or when a right activity is abused (e.g., eating, sleeping). Something not itself sinful can also become sinful if family, employment or Christian responsibilities are neglected to seek pleasure (e.g., recreation, hobbies). The ways in which Christians may find joy in life are nearly as numerous as people themselves; I find great joy in my family and I also enjoy writing, computers, model railroading and woodworking. However, besides the earthly joys Christians (or other people, too) may know, there are joys that only Christians can experience (Romans 14:17-18). The Book of Philippians is an epistle peppered with references to Christian joy (e.g., Philippians 2:16-18). Among the joys enjoyed exclusively by Christians is the joy that arises from the forgiveness of sins. Following his baptism for the remission of his sins (Acts 2:38; 8:26-39), the Ethiopian noble continued on his way rejoicing (Acts 8:39). With the apostle Paul and the Philippian church to which he wrote, we, as well as all other Christians, can “rejoice in Christ Jesus” (Philippians 3:3) because through Jesus our sins have been taken away (Acts 22:16). Further, through the blood of Jesus our sins are continually forgiven (conditional upon our continued espousal of God’s Word) (Acts 8:22; 1 John 1:7-9; 2:1). This joy alone should pervade our every waking …

Who Is A Good Candidate?

Since this an election year, we are hearing the word “candidate” more than usual. We’re being urged to vote for this man or that woman and this party or that position. The point of this article has nothing to do with American politics. It’s about another “election.” The New Testament uses the words elect, elected and election twenty times as synonyms for salvation. Peter was no politician, but he taught us the importance of elections — our own! He wrote, “Wherefore the rather, brethren, give diligence to make your calling and election sure: for it ye do these things, ye shall never fall” (2 Peter 1:10). Jesus said only a few will ‘get elected’ (make it to heaven) (Matthew 7:13-14). More than 70% of Americans believe they will go to heaven, according to one poll, but who is actually on the invitation list to the Lamb’s marriage feast? The disciples once marveled when Jesus explained how hard it is to make it to heaven (Matthew 19:23-26; cf. Luke 13:24). They asked, “Who then can be saved?” — a good question. He said it would be impossible for any to be saved by man, but with God all things are possible. Let us look at several ‘elections’ in the Bible’s book of conversions (Acts) to find what people made good candidates. (The answers may surprise you!) Those Devout in False Religion (Acts 2:1-47). Those gathered in Jerusalem for the A.D. 33 Feast of Pentecost were devout men from every nation under heaven (2:5). Many had traveled quite a distance and sacrificed a great deal to be …

The Parable of the Householder

Matthew 13:51-52 Introduction The simple and endearing definition of a parable is an earthly story with a heavenly meaning.  However, the Bible is replete with various kinds of figurative language.  Consequently, there is not universal agreement what is a parable versus another figure.  Therefore, there is also a lack of consensus regarding the number of parables, including the number of parables presented by Christ, versus other figurative language. Hence, it is little surprise that some commentators count seven parables of our Lord in Matthew 13, whereas others see eight parables in the chapter.  Of course, identifying the species of figurative language employed as a vehicle to communicate divine messages is far less important than understanding those messages. Most teachers categorize the first seven figures of speech as parables and ignore The Householder when discussing parables. “This last and eighth parable of this great parabolic chapter seems to be the unwanted orphan by many writers on the parables of our Lord.” (Herbert Lockyer, All the Parables of the Bible, Zondervan Publishing House, p. 208.) The Householder, though, along with the seven parables, appear between the signaled beginning and ending of Jesus’ parabolic teaching of that occasion (Matthew 13:3, 53). “And he spake many things unto them in parables . . . And it came to pass, that when Jesus had finished these parables, he departed thence.” The Parable Parenthetically to the eight parables in Matthew 13, between parables seven and eight, Jesus somewhat superficially assessed the apostles’ comprehension of the first seven parables.  “Jesus …